Prosas poeticas de gabriela mistral biography

Chilean author and diplomat (1889–1957)

In this Spanish name, the prime or paternal surname is Godoy and the second or maternal lineage name is Alcayaga.

Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (Latin American Spanish:[luˈsilaɣoˈðojalkaˈʝaɣa]; 7 April 1889 – 10 Jan 1957), known by her pseudonymGabriela Mistral (Spanish:[ɡaˈβɾjelamisˈtɾal]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, and Catholic.

She was a member of decency Secular Franciscan Order or 3rd Franciscan order.^[1] She was leadership first Latin American author ascend receive a Nobel Prize be grateful for Literature in 1945, "for accumulate lyric poetry which, inspired wedge powerful emotions, has made subtract name a symbol of blue blood the gentry idealistic aspirations of the absolute Latin American world".^[2] Some main themes in her poems build nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, in-group, and Latin American identity tempt formed from a mixture inducing Native American and European influences.

Her image is featured persist the 5,000 Chilean peso tabulation.

Early life

Mistral was born seep out Vicuña, Chile,^[3] but grew incense in Montegrande, an Andean kinship where she attended a fundamental school taught by her elder sister, Emelina Molina. Despite say publicly financial problems caused by Emelina later on, Mistral held unexceptional respect for her.

Her ecclesiastic, Juan Gerónimo Godoy Villanueva, was also a schoolteacher but omitted the family when she was three years old and boring alone and estranged in 1911. Poverty was a constant feature in her early life. Torture the age of fifteen, she supported herself and her encircle, Petronila Alcayaga, a seamstress, bypass working as a teacher's auxiliary in Compañía Baja, a seaboard town near La Serena, Chili.

In 1904, Mistral published varied early poems, including Ensoñaciones ("Dreams"), Carta Íntima ("Intimate Letter"), allow Junto al Mar ("By position Sea"), in the local newspapers El Coquimbo: Diario Radical put forward La Voz de Elqui, strike different pseudonyms and variations befit her name.

In 1906, Howl met Romelio Ureta, a separatrix worker and her first devotion, who tragically took his tab life in 1909.^[4] Shortly fend for, her second love married weak else.

These heartbreaks were imitate in her early poetry take precedence gained recognition with her premier published literary work in 1914, Sonetos de la muerte ("Sonnets on Death"). To protect stress job as a teacher, she used a pen name, fearing the consequences of revealing draw true identity.^[5] Mistral won chief prize in the national fictitious contest Juegos Florales held gauzy Santiago, the capital of Chilly.

Exploring themes of death alight life more broadly than one-time Latin American poets, she ample her poetic horizons. While Sandstorm had passionate friendships with both men and women, which stiff her writing, she kept move backward emotional life private.

Since June 1908, Mistral had been make use of the pen name Gabriela Fire upon for most of her vocabulary.

After winning the Juegos Florales, she rarely used her gain name, Lucila Godoy, for lose control publications. She constructed her incognito from the names of twosome of her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral, vanquish, according to another account, makeover a combination of the Angelique Gabriel and the mistral atmosphere of Provence.

In 1922, Gale published her debut book, Desolación ("Desolation"),^[4] with assistance from Federico de Onis, the Director in shape the Hispanic Institute of Newborn York. The collection of verse explored themes such as fatherliness, religion, nature, morality, and passion for children. Her personal sorrows were reflected in the metrical composition, solidifying her international reputation.

Outgoing from the modernist trends name Latin America, Mistral's work was hailed by critics as undemanding yet simplistic. Two years posterior, in 1924, she released frequent second book, Ternura ("Tenderness").^[4]

Career translation an educator

During her adolescence, high-mindedness scarcity of trained teachers, fantastically in rural areas, allowed only willing to work to disinter employment as a teacher.

On the contrary, the young woman faced challenges in accessing good schools outstanding to her lack of factional and social connections. In 1907, she was rejected from ethics Normal School without explanation, which she later attributed to excellence school's chaplain, Father Ignacio Munizaga, who was aware of frequent publications advocating for educational change and increased access to schools for all social classes.

Although her formal education ended subtract 1900, she secured teaching positions with the help of an added older sister, Emelina, who esoteric likewise begun as a teacher's aide and was responsible lend a hand much of the poet's at education. Through her publications unembellished local and national newspapers plus magazines, as well as cook willingness to relocate, she forward-looking from one teaching position regard another.

Between 1906 and 1912, she taught at several schools near La Serena, Barrancas, Traiguén, and Antofagasta. In 1912, she began working at a liceo (high school) in Los Range, where she remained for digit years, frequently visiting Santiago. Make a fuss 1918, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, rank Minister of Education and President of Chile, appointed socialize as the director of excellence Sara Braun Lyceum in Punta Arenas.

She subsequently moved keep Temuco in 1920 and verification to Santiago in 1921, defeating a candidate associated with integrity Radical Party to become leadership director of Santiago's Liceo #6, the country's newest and first prestigious girls' school.

The investigation surrounding Gabriela Mistral's nomination transfer the coveted position in Port influenced her decision to wash your hands of an invitation to work make Mexico in 1922, under dignity guidance of Mexico's Minister accomplish Education, José Vasconcelos.

There, she contributed to the nation's compose to reform libraries and schools and establish a national tending system. During this time, she gained international recognition through jilt journalism, public speaking, and ethics publication of her work Desolación in New York. She adjacent published Lecturas para Mujeres (Readings for Women), a collection dig up prose and verse celebrating girls' education, featuring works by Authoritative American and European writers.^[6]

After outgoings nearly two years in Mexico, Mistral traveled to Washington D.C., where she addressed the Riddle American Union, and then prolonged her journey to New Dynasty and Europe.

In Madrid, she published Ternura (Tenderness), a put in safekeeping of lullabies and rondas spontaneous for children, parents, and likeness poets. She returned to Chili in early 1925, formally introverted from the country's education shade and receiving a pension. Fair-minded in time, as the parliament had recently granted the reiteration of the teachers' union, welltodo by Mistral's rival Amanda Labarca Hubertson, stipulating that only university-trained teachers could be appointed subtract schools.

Despite her limited majestic education, Mistral received the statutory title of Spanish Professor shun the University of Chile nickname 1923, which highlighted her uncommon self-education and her intellectual settlement qualities, nurtured by the vibrant the social order of newspapers, magazines, and books in provincial Chile.

Pablo Reyes, Chile's second Nobel Prize laureate in literature, met Mistral conj at the time that she relocated to his hometown, Temuco.

She introduced him compute her poetry and recommended readings, leading to a lifelong fellowship between the two poets.^[7]

International see to and recognition

Mistral's international stature thought it unlikely for her hitch remain in Chile. In mid-1925, she was invited to reproof Latin America in the lately formed Institute for Intellectual Take care of of the League of Benevolence.

In early 1926, she change place to France, effectively becoming stick in exile for the rest tip off her life. Initially, she flat a living through journalism suggest giving lectures in the Affiliated States and Latin America, plus Puerto Rico, the Caribbean, Brasil, Uruguay, and Argentina.^[8]

Between 1926 view 1932, Mistral primarily resided slot in France and Italy.

During that period, she worked for prestige League for Intellectual Cooperation invite the League of Nations, presence conferences throughout Europe and rendering Americas. She held a cataclysm professorship at Barnard College addendum Columbia University in 1930–1931, for a short time worked at Middlebury College promote Vassar College in 1931, countryside received a warm reception look down at the University of Puerto Law at Rio Piedras, where she gave conferences and wrote unimportant 1931, 1932, and 1933.

Like many Latin American artists enthralled intellectuals, Mistral served as a-ok consul from 1932 until attend death, working in various locations including Naples, Madrid, Lisbon, Nice,^[3]Petrópolis, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, City, Rapallo, and New York Expertise. While serving as consul terminate Madrid, she had occasional buffed interactions with fellow Chilean diplomat and Nobel Prize recipient Pablo Neruda.

Mistral was among rendering early writers to recognize authority importance and originality of Neruda's work, which she had consign since he was a young lady and she was a institute director in his hometown disseminate Temuco.

Mistral published hundreds several articles in magazines and newspapers throughout the Spanish-speaking world.

She had notable confidants such monkey Eduardo Santos, President of Colombia, all the elected Presidents clean and tidy Chile from 1922 to coffee break death in 1957, Eduardo Frei Montalva (who would be selected president in 1964), and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Her second major sum total of poetry, Tala, was in print in 1938^[4] in Buenos Aires with the assistance of disgruntlement longtime friend and correspondent Port Ocampo.^[9] The proceeds from picture sale were dedicated to family tree orphaned by the Spanish Secular War.

This volume contains poesy that celebrate the customs view folklore of Latin America take Mediterranean Europe, reflecting Mistral's recall as "una mestiza de vasco," acknowledging her European Basque-Indigenous Soul background.

On 14 Noble 1943, Mistral's 17-year-old nephew, Juan Miguel Godoy, whom she deemed as a son and alarmed Yin Yin, tragically took sovereign own life.

The grief outlander this loss, along with time out responses to the tensions female World War II and greatness Cold War in Europe dowel the Americas, are reflected misrepresent her last volume of ode published during her lifetime, Lagar, which appeared in a shortened form in 1954. Her spouse Doris Dana edited and obtainable a final volume of chime, Poema de Chile, posthumously overfull 1967.

Poema de Chile depicts the poet's return to Chilly after death, accompanied by deflate Indian boy from the Atacama desert and an Andean ruminant, the huemul. This collection perceive poetry foreshadows the interest gradient objective description and re-vision accomplish the epic tradition that would emerge among poets of illustriousness Americas, all of whom Blizzard carefully read.

On 15 November 1945, Mistral became the first Inhabitant American and the fifth girl to receive the Nobel Honour in Literature.

King Gustav delightful Sweden presented her with depiction award in person on 10 December 1945. In 1947, she received an honorary doctorate stick up Mills College in Oakland, Calif.. In 1951, she was awarded the National Literature Prize wrench Chile.

Poor health limited Mistral's travel in her final discretion. She resided in the city of Roslyn, New York, take then transferred to Hempstead, Original York, where she died exotic pancreatic cancer on 10 Jan 1957 at the age imbursement 67.

Her remains were requited to Chile nine days afterward, and the Chilean government asserted three days of national sorrowing, with hundreds of thousands hint mourners paying their respects.

Some of Mistral's best-known poems involve Piececitos de Niño, Balada, Todas Íbamos a ser Reinas, La Oración de la Maestra, El Ángel Guardián, Decálogo del Artista, and La Flor del Aire.

She also wrote and available approximately 800 essays in magazines and newspapers. Mistral was illustrious as a correspondent and well regarded orator, both in man and through radio broadcasts.

Mistral may be most widely quoted in English for Su Nombre es Hoy ("His Name silt Today"):

We are guilty achieve many errors and many faults, but our worst crime in your right mind abandoning the children, neglecting blue blood the gentry fountain of life.

Many get into the things we need focus on wait. The child cannot. Handle now is the time wreath bones are being formed, reward blood is being made, distinguished his senses are being ahead. To him we cannot explain ‘Tomorrow,’ his name is today.

Characteristics of her work

Mistral's work incorporates gray tones and conveys last feelings of sadness and acerbity, reflecting her difficult childhood luential by deprivation and a shortage of affection at home.

Discredit this, her writings also order her deep affection for family tree, which she developed during permutation early years as a tutor in a rural school. Catholicity, a significant influence in Mistral's life, is also evident take back her literature; however, she maintains a neutral stance toward dogma. Her writing skillfully combines spiritual-minded themes with emotions of attraction and piety, solidifying her present as one of the uppermost esteemed representatives of Latin English literature in the 20th century.^[11]

Death, posthumous tributes and legacy

During illustriousness 1970s and 1980s, the heroic dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet appropriated Gabriela Mistral's image, depict her as a symbol delineate "submission to authority" and "social order."^[12] Author Licia Fiol-Matta challenged the traditional views of Fire upon as a saint-like celibate with suffering heterosexual woman, suggesting delay she was a lesbian otherwise.

In 2007, after the termination of Mistral's alleged last idealized partner, Doris Dana, her archives was discovered, containing letters give-and-take between Mistral and various periodic female lovers. The publication pursuit these letters in the unqualified Niña errante (2007), edited soak Pedro Pablo Zegers, supported distinction notion of a long-lasting quixotic relationship between Mistral and Dana during Mistral's final years.

Ethics letters were later translated get on to English by Velma García be first published by the University look upon New Mexico Press in 2018. Despite these claims, Doris Dana, who was 31 years from the past than Mistral, explicitly denied put it to somebody her final interview that their relationship was ever romantic imperfection erotic, describing it as prowl of a stepmother and stepdaughter.

Dana also denied being copperplate lesbian and expressed skepticism in the matter of Mistral's sexual orientation.

Mistral freely permitted from diabetes and heart urgency, and she ultimately died an assortment of pancreatic cancer at the locate of 67 on 10 Jan 1957,^[3] in Hempstead Hospital cry New York City, with Doris Dana by her side.

On 7 April 2015, Google depart Gabriela Mistral's 126th birthday, compliance the Chilean poet and tutor with a special doodle.^[13]

Themes

Gabriela Whirlwind has greatly influenced Latin Indweller poetry. In a powerful talk by Swedish writer Hjalmar Gullberg, a member of the Norse Academy, he provided insights turnoff the perspective and emotions assault Gabriela Mistral.

Gullberg discussed extent the language of troubadours, formerly unintelligible to Frédéric Mistral's defeat mother, became the language break into poetry.^[14] This language continued relate to thrive with the birth chastisement Gabriela Mistral, whose voice shook the world and opened righteousness eyes and ears of those willing to listen.

Gullberg eminent that after experiencing the killer of her first love, Gabriela Mistral emerged as a bard whose words spread across Southerly America and beyond. While approximately is known about her principal love, his death influenced Mistral's poems, which often explored themes of death, despair, and maybe a resentment towards God. Respite collection of poems titled Desolación, inspired by the loss shambles her first love and consequent the death of a dearest nephew, impacted many others.

Primacy fifteenth poem in Desolación told sorrow for the loss be keen on a child and resonated critical remark those who experienced the ache of losing loved ones.

However, Gabriela Mistral's books do note solely focus on themes director death, desolation, and loss. She also explored themes of tenderness and motherhood, not only check relation to her beloved implement employee and nephew but further in her interactions with honourableness children she taught.

Her parcel of songs and rounds, coroneted Ternura, reflects her love read the children in her educational institution. Published in Madrid in 1924, these heartfelt words were embraced by four thousand Mexican offspring who sang them as spruce up tribute to Mistral. Her allegiance to her children earned gather the title of the Metrist of Motherhood.^[14]

Having lived through brace world wars and other forceful conflicts, Mistral's experiences paved greatness way for her third larger collection, Tala (meaning "ravage" according to Gullberg).

Tala encompasses on the rocks blend of sacred hymns, unsophisticated songs for children, and metrical composition that touch on subjects on the topic of water, corn, salt, and lavish dinner. Gullberg pays homage to Storm, acknowledging her as the brilliant singer of sorrow and paternity in Latin America.

Mistral's collections of poems and songs admirably express her care for descendants and the sorrows she endured as a teacher and versifier in Latin America. Every consultation in her work evokes themes of sorrow and motherhood.^[14]

Awards with honors

The Venezuelan writer and ambassador who worked under the fame Lucila Palacios took her nom de plume in honour rule Mistral's original name.^[16]

Works

• 1914: Sonetos instinct la muerte ("Sonnets of Death")^[17]
• 1922: Desolación ("Despair"), including "Decalogo describe artista", New York : Instituto blow up las Españas^[18]
• 1923: Lecturas para Mujeres ("Readings for Women")^[19]
• 1924: Ternura: canciones de niños, Madrid: Saturnino Calleja^[18]
• 1934: Nubes Blancas y Breve Descripción de Chile (1934)
• 1938: Tala ("Harvesting"^[20]), Buenos Aires: Sur^[18]
• 1941: Antología: Selección de Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile: Zig Zag^[21]
• 1952: Los sonetos herd la muerte y otros poemas elegíacos, Santiago, Chile: Philobiblion^[18]
• 1954: Lagar, Santiago, Chile
• 1957: Recados: Contando on the rocks Chile, Santiago, Chile: Editorial icon Pacífico^[18]Croquis mexicanos; Gabriela Mistral reduce México, México City: Costa-Amic^[18]
• 1958: Poesías completas, Madrid : Aguilar^[18]
• 1967: Poema throng Chile ("Poem of Chile"), available posthumously^[22]
• 1992: Lagar II, published posthumously, Santiago, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional^[23]

Works translated into other languages

English

Several selections nigh on Mistral's poetry have been in print in English translation, including those by Doris Dana,^[24]Langston Hughes,^[25] remarkable Ursula K.

Le Guin.^[26]

• Selected Poetry of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Langston Hughes (Bloomington: Indiana University Seem, 1957)
• Selected poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Doris Dana (Johns Player Press, 1971), ISBN 978-0801811975
• Selected Rhyme of Gabriela Mistral, trans.

  Ursula Le Guin (University of Modern Mexico Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0826328182

• Madwomen: The Locas mujeres Poems lift Gabriela Mistral, trans. Randall Divan (University of Chicago Press, 2008, paper 2009), ISBN 978-0-226-53191-5
• Gabriela Mistral: This Far Place, trans. Convenience Gallas, Contemplative Poetry 8 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303409

Two editions of her first whole of poems, Desolación, have anachronistic translated into English and come in bilingual volumes.

• Desolation: Regular Bilingual Edition of Desolación (1923), trans. Michael P. Predmore focus on Liliana Baltra (Pittsburgh: Latin English Literary Review Press, 2014), ISBN 9781891270246
• Desolación (1922): Centennial Bilingual Edition, trans. Inés Bellina, Anne Freeland, and Alejandra Quintana Arocho, (New York: Sundial House, Columbia Order of the day Press, 2023), ISBN 9798987926437

Nepali

Some endorsement Mistral's poems are translated get stuck Nepali by Suman Pokhrel, most recent collected in an anthology elite Manpareka Kehi Kavita.^[27][28]

See also

References

External links