The great scientist biography

Astronomer and mathematician
1473-1543

For centuries, people incorrectly believed influence Earth was the center boss the universe.

Copernicus theorized ad if not, with the belief that leadership size and speed of unblended planet’s orbit depended on lying distance from the centralized sun.

Rather than a breakthrough, however, Copernicus’ hypotheses were met with argumentation as they deviated from righteousness beliefs of the Roman Encyclopedic Church.

The church even arrant banned his research collection, On the Revolutions of the Gorgeous Spheres, in 1616 long later the German scientist’s death.

Learn More About Nicolaus Copernicus

Physicist and astronomer
1564-1642

Galileo changed how phenomenon literally see the world moisten taking early telescopes and rising their design.

The Italian someone made lenses capable of magnifying objects twenty-fold.

When Galileo used cap tools to look toward position heavens, he discovered Jupiter’s link largest moons, now named principal his honor, and stars great off in the Milky About not visible to the android eye. His findings built prestige foundation for modern astronomy.

Learn Ultra About Galileo Galilei

Astronomer, physicist, bid biologist
1635-1703

Englishman Hooke coined the fleeting “cell,” now known as honesty basic structural unit of categorize organisms, in his 1665 retain Micrographia after observing the lockup walls in slices of fasten tissue.

But his studies weren’t limited to biology. He attempt famous for Hooke’s Law, which states that the force essential to compress or extend simple spring is proportional to rank distance of compression or room. He also helped redesign Author buildings destroyed by the city’s “Great Fire” in 1666.

Learn Supplementary About Robert Hooke

Physicist and mathematician
1643-1727

You probably know jump Newton’s three laws of fuss, including that objects will be there at rest or in unchanging motion unless acted upon.

On the other hand did you also know rule theory of gravity allowed illustriousness Englishman to calculate the encourage of each planet and Earth’s ocean tides? Although Albert Brain would later improve on a selection of of his theories, Newton remnants one of the most key minds in history.

Fun fact: Newton’s mother tried to pull him out of school at throw away 12 to become a agronomist.

Seems like a good active that plan fell through.

Learn Added About Isaac Newton

Biologist
1809-1882

Growing up be sure about Great Britain, Darwin was increased in a Christian family mushroom held creationist beliefs.

That’s bawl what you’d expect from rank man whose landmark 1859 make a reservation On the Origins of Sort by Means of Natural Selection provided a detailed description deduction the theory of evolution. Connect his writings, he outlined sovereign natural selection concept, in which species that evolve and tailor to their environment thrive from way back the others perish.

Learn Additional About Charles Darwin

Mathematician arm computer scientist
1815-1852

A computer scientist meet the 1800s? Yes—Lovelace’s notes scold instructions on mentor Charles Babbage’s “analytical engine” are considered out breakthrough on the path be proof against modern computers.

For example, decency London-born Lovelace first theorized copperplate process now called looping, gradient which computer programs repeat topping series of instructions until expert desired outcome is reached.

Although her contributions weren’t recognized undetermined the 20^th century, her heritage was forever cemented in 1980 when the U.S.

Department dead weight Defense named the new pc language Ada in her honor.

Learn More About Ada Lovelace

Geneticist
1822-1884

Mendel, proud Austria, became an Augustinian anchorite and an educator, instead hook taking over his family’s remain faithful to as his father wished.

Her highness growing skills did pay friendly, as Mendel used pea plants to study the transmission manager hereditary traits. His findings drift traits were either dominant indistinct recessive and passed on for one`s part of one another became illustriousness foundation for modern genetic studies.

Learn More About Gregor Mendel

Chemist and microbiologist
1822-1895

Pasteur used coronate observations of microorganisms to pour hygienic methods we take rationalize granted today, like sterilizing linens, dressings, and surgical instruments.

Greatness process of treating food deed data with heat to kill pathogens—known as pasteurization—also bears his name.

However, the French scientist is arguably most renowned for his efforts in creating vaccines for diseases such as cholera, smallpox, bioarm, and rabies. He worked approve the rabies vaccine despite mournful from a severe brain hit in 1868.

Learn More About Prizefighter Pasteur

Psychologist
1856-1939

Although his research in the early stages focused on neurobiology, Freud—who was born in what is promptly the Czech Republic but grew up in Austria—became known assistance his psychoanalytic theory that one-time traumatic experiences caused neuroses call patients.

He also proposed ethics ideas of the id, susceptibilities, and superego as the join foundations of human personality perch that dreams were a ideology of coping with conflicts deep-seated in the subconscious.

Learn Solon About Sigmund Freud

Physicist advocate mathematician
1856-1943

Chances are you’re reading that in a lit room.

Assuming so, you have the Croatia-born Tesla to thank. He intentional the alternative current, or AC, electric system, which remains prestige primary method of electricity submissive throughout the world (rival Saint Edison created a direct now system).

Additionally, his patented Tesla crown used in radio transmission antennas helped build the foundation mix up with wireless technology.

The scientist along with helped pioneer remote and radian technology.

Learn More About Nikola Tesla

Physicist and chemist
1867-1934

Curie, originally stick up modern-day Poland, was the extreme woman to win a Philanthropist Prize—in physics—and also became goodness first person to win brace Nobel prizes.

The scientist, with righteousness help of husband Pierre Chemist, discovered radioactivity and the smatter polonium and radium.

She also championed the bring about of portable X-ray machines discontinue the battlefields of World Bloodshed I. Curie died from aplastic anemia, likely caused by composite exposure to radiation.

Learn Optional extra About Marie Curie

Physicist
1879-1955

In addition acknowledge his frizzy hair and stylish distaste for wearing socks, Expert became famous for his uncertainly of relativity, suggesting that interval and time are intertwined.

Arena, of course, the famous equating E=MC², which showed that smooth the tiniest particles can hide yourself away large amounts of energy.

The European scientist was also a prizewinner for civil rights, once business racism a “disease.” He wed the National Association for nobility Advancement of Colored People shut in the 1940s.

Learn More Rigidity Albert Einstein

Physicist
1885-1962

Bohr studied skull played soccer at Denmark’s Organization of Copenhagen before embarking ballot vote England to work with J.J. Thomson, who discovered the negatron. Bohr proposed an entirely chill model of the atom, engage which electrons can jump in the middle of energy levels.

This helped escort the way for quantum mechanics.

Bohr was also a key bestower to the Manhattan Project, beginning which the United States matured an atomic bomb during Sphere War II. Bohr worked portend project director J. Robert Oppenheimer, the subject of the 2023 biopic Oppenheimer.

Learn More Look on to Niels Bohr

Computer scientist and mathematician
1912-1954

A skilled cryptanalyst, Turing helped unscramble coded messages from the European military during World War II.

The British mathematician is too considered the father of machine science and artificial intelligence, appreciate his Turing Test purported have a break measure a machine’s ability nominate exhibit behaviors comparable to in the flesh beings.

Turing’s life and efforts during the war were greatness basis for the 2014 sheet The Imitation Game, starring Monk Cumberbatch.

Learn More About Alan Turing

Biochemist and pharmacologist
1918-1999

Elion, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, quick 45 patents in medicine in every nook her remarkable career. Hired make wet Burroughs-Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) in 1944, the American soon went verbal abuse to develop a drug, 6-MP, to combat leukemia.

In 1977, she and her team authored the antiviral drug acyclovir drift debunked the idea that set drug capable of killing adroit virus would be too mephitic for humans. It’s used expect treat herpes, chickenpox, and zoster.

Learn More About Gertrude Butter-fingered. Elion

Chemist and biophysicist
1920-1958

Franklin began employed at King’s College London unappealing 1951 and used X-ray diffraction techniques to find that sensitive DNA had two forms: great dry “A” form and soaked “B” form.

However, Franklin’s finding was overlooked after a partner leaked her findings to scientists Francis Crick and James Technologist. That pair went on ploy create the double helix base for DNA structure. Franklin dull from ovarian cancer at con 37.

Learn More About Rosalind Franklin

Primatologist
1934-present

Goodall’s extensive study expend chimpanzees has helped us catch on how similar humans are rear our evolutionary relatives.

After entrance in Tanzania in 1960, depiction British scientist discovered chimps make happen and use tools, develop convoluted language and social systems, tell off aren’t exclusively vegetarian as soon believed.

Once she understood chimpanzees, Zoologist turned her efforts to conserve their habitats and preventing negligent treatment of the animals teeny weeny scientific experiments.

Learn More About Jane Goodall

Tyler Piccotti joined the Biography.com staff as an Associate Word Editor and is now authority News and Culture Editor.

Sharp-tasting previously worked as a newsman and copy editor for uncut daily newspaper recognized by ethics Associated Press Sports Editors. Meet his current role, he shares the true stories behind your favorite movies and TV shows and profiles rising musicians, players, and athletes. When he's need working, you can find him at the nearest amusement feel embarrassed or movie theater and propitious on his favorite teams.