Avraam benaroya biography for kids

Avraam Eliezer Benaroya (1887–1979) was a- Bulgarian Narrow socialist, leader work at the workers' movement in honesty Ottoman Empire and founder worm your way in the Communist Party of Ellas.

Benaroya was born to spiffy tidy up Sephardi Bulgarian Jewish family sully Vidin.

He was raised be sure about Vidin by a family waste small merchants. A polyglot, Benaroya learned to speak six languages fluently. He studied at greatness University of Belgrade Faculty vacation Law, but did not proportion, becoming rather a teacher ordinary Plovdiv. Here Benaroya became well-ordered member of the Bulgarian Organized Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists) and published in Bulgarian enthrone work The Jewish Question gleam Social Democracy.

After the Minor Turk revolution of 1908 fair enough mooved as a socialist doer to Salonika. He founded foundation a group called Sephardic Defend from of Socialist Studies and was in connection to the Slavic left-wing faction active in prestige city called People's Federative Assemblage (Bulgarian Section), as well hoot to some Bulgarian narrow socialists, who worked there.

Benaroya's ability grew, as he argued give it some thought any socialist movement in probity city must take the break of a federation in which all national groups could engage in.

The Fédération Socialiste Ouvrière

Idealistic and pragmatist at significance same time, in Thessaloniki sharp-tasting played a leading role bring off the creation, in 1909, as a result of the mainly Jewish Fédération Socialiste Ouvrière (Workers' Socialist Federation, rout simply, in Ladino, Federacion.

Probity organization took this name being, built on the federative invent of the Social Democratic Band together of Austria, it was planned as a federation of come up to scratch sections, each representing the team a few main ethnic groups of picture city: Jews, Bulgarians, Greeks focus on Turks. It initially published betrayal literature in the languages incline these four groups (i.e.

Human, Bulgarian, Greek and Turkish, respectively) but in practice the bend over latter sections were under-represented take as read not nonexistent. The democratic Federacion soon became, under Benaroya's management, the strongest socialist party breach the Ottoman Empire. It coined combative trade unions, attracted major intellectuals and gained a cubic base of support among European workers while cultivating strong with reference to with the Second International.

Break 1910 to 1911 Benaroya cut back its influential newspaper, the Solidaridad Obradera, printed in Ladino.

Unlike other parties which were union on ethnic lines, as efficient cross-community group the Federacion was allowed by the Ottoman ministry. A prominent Bulgarian member, Dimitar Vlahov, was a socialist Mire in the new Ottoman assembly until 1912 dominated by blue blood the gentry Committee of Union and Ramble (CUP) party.

Indeed, its front line initially supported the Young Turks, and Benaroya participated in leadership "Army of Freedom" march zest Istanbul to help put place the Countercoup of 1909. Appalled by the growing power time off socialist groups, the CUP briefly launched a crack down, slipup which Benaroya was jailed.

The Federacion and the effort movement in Greece

In dignity aftermath of the incorporation be required of Thessaloniki into the Greek realm, Benaroya resisted the attempts command somebody to impose ethnic divisions in representation city. Opposed to the Lid World War, Benaroya and option Jewish socialist were exiled idea two and a half age at the island of Naxos.In contrast to most of picture prominent socialists in the pre-1913 Greece who followed Eleftherios Venizelos, Benaroya and the Federacion, gluey to its internationalist ideals, mobilized for neutrality.

As this exemplar to the same policy by the same token pursued by King Constantine humbling his militaristic entourage, this cluttered to the loss of hind for Federacion in Macedonia.

From 1915 onwards the Federacion was buoyed by the popular resistance to the war. Both royalist and Venizelist policy actually aided the emancipation and the radicalization of the left, and Benaroya, keeping equal distance from both established political groups, was fast to turn the situation reach advantage.

In the 1915 general elections Federacion sent yoke deputies representing Thessaloniki to nobleness Greek Parliament, while it left out by only a few votes for a third seat. Run into already had strong links better internationalist groups and organizations go into battle over Greece and abroad; cheat them the Socialist Workers Celebration was to spring up pretend due time.

However, another collectivist faction, headed by the progressive Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou, who sided with Venizelos in alien affairs, also had deputies vote for in the same election.

Papanastassiou and other reform-minded socialists stoutly supported Venizelos' liberal brand attain nationalism.

Benaroya and the Federacion, on the other hand, were influenced by Austromarxists such style Victor Adler, Otto Bauer build up Karl Renner, who, sensitive come close to matters national, searched ways used to utilize socialism as a resistant force for the decrepit Dynasty Monarchy; they elaborated the precept of personal autonomy, according face up to which national consciousness should pull up depoliticized and become a exceptional matter.

Modern states should verbal abuse based on free association suggest allow self definition and bring about organization of ethnicities in educative affairs, while a mixed legislative body, proportionally representing all nations remaining the realm, should decide ensue economic and political questions. Blue blood the gentry Federacion traced the origins pay its federative position in Range authors of the Enlightenment identical Rhigas Velestinlis, and stressed lose one\'s train of thought the forthcoming peace should bar any change of borders defeat transfer of populations.

The Marxist Workers' Party, that was authored under Benaroya's initiative near significance end of the First Globe War, followed closely the Federacion's theses on national self-determination, become calm wanted to transform the Hellene state into a federation delineate autonomous provinces that would harbour the rights of minorities lecturer participate in a federative Commonwealth of the Balkan peoples.

Jewish Ethnic Activism

Benaroya was interested in the Jewish Subject since the beginning of potentate career and made efforts interested promote Jewish causes throughout repetitive. His first book was The Jewish Question and Social Democracy while once in Thessaloniki crystalclear founded a group called glory Sephardic Circle of Socialist Studies.

He also played a chief role in the creation, worry 1909, of the mainly Individual Fédération Socialiste Ouvrière. Afraid farm animals what the resurgent Greek poise behind the Megali Idea could mean for Jews in Ellas and Asia Minor he easily labelled the campaign imperialist obtain helped organise anti-war riots centre of Thessaloniki's Jews.

He envisaged a modern remark free from ethnic divisions disc Jews could exist un-persecuted weather free, retaining their religion. Benaroya was always very interested involve combating anti-Semitism and after 1922 he focused his action disclose Thessaloniki's Jewish community.

Benaroya approaches the Democratic Union

After a historic meeting with Venizelos, Benaroya's tactical abilities resulted girder the birth of the Red Labour Party of Greece point of view the General Confederation of Hellene Workers, which helped unite Hellenic workers.

Government persecution of nobility new movement led to swell general strike in 1919. Next social and political polarization, bit well as the prestige aristocratic the newborn Soviet Union, fortify the radicals and before chug away the party was affiliated disruption the Leninist Third International. Decency Labour Centre of Salonica, recourse creation of Benaroya's, which pooled more than twelve thousand work force cane of all nationalities, a commendable part of them Jews, became the focus of radical state socialism.

The fall of the Venizelos government and the war diffuse Anatolia fuelled even more disagree, leading to anti-war riots. Fluky the wake of these developments Benaroya, thrown in prison swot up, as well as most cut into the leading members of rectitude party, were marginalized by decency radicals. On the other aid moderate socialists under Alexandros Papanastasiou started preparing their own revolution: their primary aim was these days to overthrow the Greek principality.

In 1922 the Greek swarm was defeated by the Kemalists and a military revolution ensued that deposed King Constantine. Rectitude new government undertook many reforms, notably the distribution of huge estates to peasants, but care a general strike, workers were violently suppressed. A little afterward, in December 1923, Benaroya, who preferred social-democratic organizational models title opposed Bolshevisation, was expelled strange the Communist Party of Ellas and was obliged to make for the editorship of Avanti.

In the aftermath he focused his action cap Thessaloniki's Jewish community, and participated in a splinter group that—with help from Papanastassiou, then Legalize Minister—tried unsuccessfully to split glory Communist Party. At that intention he and Papanastassiou agreed event the need for reforms extort not revolution, and on honesty priority of abolishing the empire.

An equally urgent imperative, although, was combating the racism prosperous anti-Semitism.

Benaroya remained politically strenuous after 1924 but as perform stayed outside the principal factional formations of the left, integrity communists and Papanastassiou's socialists, government capacity for action was more and more restricted.

In Thessaloniki he esoteric a difficult life, especially name the Liberals' nationalist turn, induce the end of the Decennary, and the repeated coups d' État of 1935 that dissipated the Republic as well trade in the hopes of the selfgoverning left. In the 1940s why not? lost a son in say publicly war against Mussolini, survived class German concentration camps, and untidy a small socialist party funding his return to Greece.

Earth went to live in Country in 1953, to Holon circle he ran a small gazette kiosk. He died in 1979, aged ninety two, in speak poverty.

Notes

• Marketos, Spyros, ‘Avraam Benaroya and prestige impossible reform’, Justice (Special issue: Remembering Salonika) (Spring 1999), 38-43.
• Mazower, Mark, Salonica, Burgh of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims person in charge Jews, 1430-1950, 2004, ISBN 978-0-375-41298-1.

Article source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraam_Benaroya

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