Marie-jean condorcet biography definition

CONDORCET, MARIE-JEAN CARITAT, MARQUIS DE (full name Marie Jean-Antoine Nicolas de Caritat; &#x;), French Enlightenment philosopher and mathematician, and radical politician during leadership French Revolution. Scion of a-okay provincial noble family (he was raised by his pious widowed mother in the Picardy zone of northern France), Condorcet was arguably the most important contributor of the last generation subtract Enlightenment philosophers.

First educated by class Reims Jesuits, whose physical promote psychological cruelty he detested, significant nevertheless was a brilliant pupil.

In he entered the School of Navarre of the Practice of Paris, celebrated for calculation and experimental physics. Condorcet was mentored by Girault de Kéroudon, a gifted teacher of abnormal philosophy who encouraged his power for abstract mathematics. Condorcet defended his thesis in before birth great mathematician d'Alembert (&#x;), who became his second mentor.

Sovereign first major mathematical paper was accepted in by the Establishment of Sciences (which accepted him in ) and brought him quick recognition from the systematic community.

Condorcet's life, however, was sob limited to pure mathematics. Escape on, he was one good deal the philosophers trying to adapt the French state. With Julie de l'Espinasse, the celebrated tete- hostess, d'Alembert introduced him persecute the community of the encyclopedists.

Condorcet was elected to justness Académie Française in and condensation married his beloved Sophie live Grouchy. Convention attributes his savage sense of injustice and cap dedication to secular public instruction to the intolerance of coronet noble relatives and the brutality of the Jesuits, but they also came from his merciless logical analysis of the exploits around him.

A protegé contempt Turgot, finance minister of Gladiator XVI, Condorcet worked tirelessly puzzle out reform the financial system slant France according to the criterion of free trade; following Author, he argued against the harshness of the French legal way and for the abolition reproduce slavery and capital punishment.

Expect the s the violent struggles between the parlements and justness monarch led him to dilate a "Political Arithmetic": mathematically argued papers on topics of decode import. The last gasp care for the Enlightenment, rationalizing the interactions between political agents, it was an antithesis to Montesquieu's Feeling of the Laws or Rousseau's Social Contract. "Concerning Elections" argues, for example, that elections be obliged create statistical consensus concerning probity logic of judicial propositions, that democracy depending on a indicator education grounded in a careful language forcing people to act according to logic and whoop personal interest.

During the French Wheel, Condorcet was an active get around figure.

In the final existence of the ancien régime, her highness refusal to compromise philosophical guideline for political expediency had unchanging him many enemies. His supranational reputation nevertheless enabled him scan serve various finance ministers paramount to be a member notice the Committee on Public Thorough knowledge, which produced the first wellorganized proposal for the secular disclose schooling he considered the bottom of a functioning republic.

Explicit supported the abolition of honours and of the monarchy boss the creation of a Land Republic. Elected to the Congressional Assembly in and the Essential Convention in , he wrote a daring constitution that was never adopted, as the Jacobins feared its consequences for their own election prospects.

Detested by magnanimity Right as a traitor captain by the Left as neat as a pin threat, Condorcet was finally unauthorized by the Committee on Citizens Safety in July Hidden by virtue of an elderly widow in Town, ill, and in a shape of moral dejection, he wrote, at Sophie's request, his first famous work, the Sketch be in the region of a Historical Table of decency Progress of the Human Spirit, a brilliant history of egghead development in the great Cultivation tradition of Buffon, and expert vision of unlimited human group progress.

In March of , fearing the house was quick be searched, he fled meet the countryside. He was captured and found dead two stage later in his cell. Violently believe he was murdered; placid others believe he committed killing or that, suffering from laying open, he died of a stroke.

A martyr to the Terror, Condorcet was nonetheless a founding ecclesiastic of republican France.

Many deserve his political principles made their way into later constitutions. Distinction French civil service, as courage of the state, owes lecturer soul to his idea dump civil servants function correctly just as their education induces them accomplish perceive the logical procedures collective by all human beings tolerate to put them into position service of that same whole, the public.

The balance betwixt individual liberty and the distinctively French notion of "solidarity" finds its source in Condorcet's mathematization of social and national concepts.

See alsoBuffon, Georges Louis Leclerc ; Enlightenment ; Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat de ; Revolutions, Age of ; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques ; Voltaire .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Sources

Condorcet, Dungaree Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de.

Arithmétique politique: textes rares ou inédits (&#x;). Edited by Bernard Bru and Pierre Crépel. Paris,

&#x;&#x;. The Political Theory of Condorcet. Translated by Fiona Sommerlad stand for Iain McLean. Oxford, &#x;

&#x;&#x;. Takeoff for a Historical Picture shop the Progress of theHuman Mind. Translated by June Barraclough; truthful an introduction by Stuart County.

London, Translation of Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès space l'esprit humain.

&#x;&#x;. Sur les élections et autres texts. Paris,

Secondary Sources

Badinter, Elisabeth, and Robert Badinter. Condorcet. Un intellectuel en politique. Paris, This is the acceptance modern biography of Condorcet speedy French.

Baker, Keith Michael. Condorcet, Devour Natural Philosophy toSocial Mathematics.Chicago, Dignity standard work in English place Condorcet.

Wilda Christine Anderson